Thermal imaging cameras detect the temperature by capturing and recognizing the different levels of infrared light. You can’t see this light with the naked eye, but you can feel it as heat if the intensity is enough.
Every object emits a different type of infrared radiation, and it is how heat transfers. If you hold your hand over something hot, like a fire, it is emitting a lot of infrared radiation, and the heat transfers to your hand. For example, only half of the sun’s energy is emitted as visible light; the rest is infrared and ultraviolet light. The more head an object radiates, the more infrared radiation it emits. Thermal cameras see this radiation and convert it to an image that we can see through colors with our eyes. It is just like how night vision cameras can capture invisible infrared light and make it into a picture we can see.
Inside a thermal camera, there are some tiny measuring devices. These devices capture infrared radiation, called microbolometers. From here, the microbolometer measures the temperature and assigns a pixel that is an appropriate color. Most thermal cameras have a low resolution compared to modern televisions and other displays because of this. A good resolution for a thermal camera is 640×480.
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Courtesy: 2mblog
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